Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) is also known as chlorpyrifos. Chlorine dioxide is both an oxidant and a chlorine-containing preparation. Following the first generation of disinfectant bleaching powder, the second generation disinfectant, chlorin, and the third generation of strong chlorine, it is called the fourth generation disinfectant. It is an A1 grade broad-spectrum, safe and highly effective disinfectant recognized by the world and recognized by the World Health Organization. It is currently a new disinfectant in aquaculture. It has been widely used in disease prevention and control in aquaculture. Chlorine dioxide contains 9 times more effective chlorine than bleaching powder and 4.2 times that of dichloroisocyanuric acid.
First, the benefits of chlorine dioxide in aquaculture applications
1. Chlorine dioxide is easily soluble in water, and the disinfection effect is not affected by the pH of the water.
2. Chlorine dioxide can effectively kill bacteria, viruses, fungi, bacterial spores and phage in water. In water, due to the adsorption between the active ingredient molecules of chlorine dioxide and the capsid protein of the virus, a high concentration of disinfecting molecules is accumulated on the surface of the virus particles, thereby enhancing its killing effect. Chlorine dioxide can exert good sterilization effect in the range of pH 6-10. In water with pH 8.5, the sterilization speed is more than 20 times faster than chlorine. Ammonia is often contained in greenhouse water, and chlorine is used to neutralize ammonia. Therefore, it can compensate for the weakness that ozone disinfection cannot remove ammonia. Chlorine dioxide has a particularly strong effect on phenolic odor. What makes more sense is that after using chlorine dioxide, the carcinogen 3,4-benzoquinone in water can be oxidized into a carcinogenic 醌 structure.
3. The bactericidal ability of chlorine dioxide is stronger than that of chlorine, the bactericidal effect is faster than chlorine, the bactericidal effect is more than 10 times that of chlorine, and the duration of the remaining dose is longer. Experiments have shown that killing almost 100% of the microorganisms with a dose of 2.0 mg/L for 30 minutes, while the remaining chlorine dioxide concentration is still 0.9 mg/L. During the application process, substances such as organic chlorine and other toxic side effects are not produced, so there is no stimulating effect on fish and shrimp, and the fish and shrimp feeding and normal development are not affected. It does not damage plankton, can improve water quality, deodorizes and preserves, and is a true green disinfectant.
4.0.3 mg / liter - 3 mg / liter of chlorine dioxide preparation can reduce the total number of bacteria in the aquaculture water by more than 92%, and can increase the dissolved oxygen in the aquaculture water, the impact on the inorganic nitrogen salt is not obvious, 0.3 The mg/L chlorine dioxide preparation had no significant effect on phytoplankton, and the effect of 1.2 mg/L or less on zooplankton leeches in water was not obvious. 3 mg / liter can inhibit the reproduction and growth of phytoplankton, and the concentration above 2.4 mg / liter can affect the reproduction and survival of zooplankton leeches. Chlorine dioxide formulations are also superior to other chlorine-containing disinfectants in terms of their impact on water quality.
Second, the role of chlorine dioxide in killing germs and viruses
1. Chlorine dioxide is a broad-spectrum disinfectant that has high levels of pathogenic microorganisms in water, including viruses, buds, heterotrophic bacteria, sulfates, reducing bacteria and fungi in water distribution networks. The killing effect.
2. Chlorine dioxide can kill E. coli in a wide range of pH values, and its killing effect is related to temperature T, which is a function of temperature (1/T), which makes up for the increase in temperature. The disadvantage of reduced solubility of oxidized chlorine in water. Chlorine dioxide diffuses faster in water than chlorine, so it is more effective than chlorine at low concentrations.
3. Chlorine dioxide kills the virus more effectively than ozone (O3) and chlorine. During the flood period, chlorine dioxide has a good killing effect on many viruses such as Coxsack (intestinal) bacteria, human enterovirus, herpes virus, Newcastle virus, phage, vaccinia virus and poliovirus. . If a chlorine dioxide dose of 0.02 mg/l is used, the virus can be killed in a few minutes, which is much more effective than chlorine. Low-dose chlorine dioxide also has a strong helminthicidal effect. If chlorine dioxide is used at 0.5 mg/L, the aquatic bifamily can be killed in the crustacean, while 6.0 mg is used to kill with chlorine. / liter - 7.0 mg / liter.
4. Oxidation chlorine has good removal and killing effect on sedimentation, clarification, filtration equipment in water treatment system and algae heterotrophic bacteria, iron bacteria, sulfate and reducing bacteria in water distribution network. Chlorine oxide will facilitate the operation and maintenance of water treatment facilities.
Based on the above two factors and the actual situation in China, chlorine dioxide disinfection has a relatively good effect and a broad future.
Third, the adverse effects of chlorine dioxide
Chlorine dioxide will undergo disproportionation under alkaline conditions (but will not occur during general water treatment and disinfection). Both chlorate (ClO3-) and chlorite (ClO2-) produced by the disproportionation reaction produce certain toxic substances. Both of these compounds produce hydrogen peroxide in the body of the animal, oxidizing the blood red sputum into a colorless sputum, causing hemolytic anemia. Of course, these hazards only occur when chlorate and chlorite accumulate in animals, and chlorine dioxide is generally not used as a disinfectant.
In short, chlorine dioxide has many beneficial aspects as a disinfectant instead of chlorine, but the toxicological effects of various by-products it produces must also be given sufficient attention and intensive research.
Source: Chinese breeding net
[The following models of chlorine dioxide are suitable for use in aquaculture]
1. Chlorine dioxide effervescent tablets for aquatic products
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2, stable chlorine dioxide solution
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3, one yuan chlorine dioxide effervescent disinfection powder
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